They are the largest Native American Tribe in the US. They come from the Northwest Pacific coast and Canada. They live on the largest reservation in the US. "Dine" means "the people." They live in the Four Corners (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado) region of America.
2. Who are the Mescalero Apache/N'dé?
Ulysses S. Grant establishes the tribe. They are nomadic hunter/ gatherers and are a branch of the Apache Tribe. Their economy is based off of ranching and tourism. They are a part of the Southern Athabaskan Native Americans. There are 4,000 Mescalero Apache people.
3. What was the Long Walk, when did it take place and what was its purpose?
It was a forced Indian removal effort, or genocide, from 1863-1864 that ended at Bosque Redondo/Fort Sumner. It can be considered as an act of ethnic cleansing. The walk itself took the Indian people eighteen days.
4. What is the Bosque Redondo/Hweeldi/ Fort Sumner and where is it?
It is located on Peco's River in Southwestern New Mexico. Bosque Redondo was originally a trading post between the Native Americans and the Anglo people. It was the destination of the Long Walk. Bosque Redondo is located in Fort Sumner State monument. "Hweeldi" means "the land of suffering."
5. What happened to the Navajos the the Mescalero Apache at Bosque Redondo?
One third of the captives were killed. Pollution and crop failure were large problems when the Native Americans had been relocated. The Native American people were starved into submission. Many of the people fought with each other.
6.Who was Barboncito?
He was a famous Navajo political and spiritual leader (1821-1871). He signed many treaties with US government and he achieved recognition of Chief by the US. He was called the "Peace Chief."
7. Who was Brigadier General James H. Carleton and what was his role in the Long Walk?
He was a general in the US army and he played a large role in the Long Walk. He was ordered the first orders to drive out the Navajo people. He was second in command to Kit Carson. He was also the commander of military in Arizona and New Mexico.
8. What role did Fort Defiance play in the Long Walk?
It was the US military camp on the Navajo land which the US planned their attacks from. The Navajo attacked and ultimately surrendered to the US army at Fort Defiance.
9. How was Kit Carson involved in the Bosque Redondo of Navajos and Apaches?
They starved the Navajo into submission and poisoned their water supplies. When the Navajo people surrendered, he forced them to do the Long Walk.
10. What is the Canyon de Chelly?
It is national monument and is the ancestral homeland of the Pueblo and Navajo people.
11. Which Pueblo Indian tribes are in New Mexico?
There are 19 different tribes that reside in New Mexico. A few of them are: Taos, Santa Clara, Cochiti, Santa Domingo and Hopi.
12. What is the role of story telling in Navajo culture?
It is part of the oral tradition of the Navajo tribe. It maintains their thoughts, rituals, and the culture of their people.
13. What is the role of dance in Navajo culture?
Most of the dances are ceremonial and they are used to represent things in their culture. The dances are used as a form of storytelling, to show their heritage as well as spiritual healing.
14.What is the Kinaaldá Ceremony in Navajo culture?
It is the ceremony when a girl reaches puberty. It generally lasts for a period of four days. It is based on a myth regarding the deity (Mother Earth). During the ceremony the story of how life originated on earth, and they reenact it during the ceremony.
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